Machine for cutting spiral bevel gears



1.'H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY.

MACHINE FoR cuITlNG sPmAL BEVEL GEARS.

APPLICATION FILED EEB. 25| 1919- Patented Jan. 10, 1922..

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s. IIiIIIIIIIII II @Euer- 1. H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR cuTTlNG sPmAL BEVEL SEARS.

APPLICATION FILED. FEB. 25, |919.

Patented Jan. MD, 11922.

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irme/MK 1. H. GEFFHOY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS.

APPLICATIQN FILED FEB. 25. 1919.

Patentd' Jan. MI, M1322.;

I 6 SHEETS- SHEET 3.

ASAI 13.

J. H. GEFFROY AND P."FLEURY.

MACHINE FOR cumNG sPlR'AL BEVEL GEARS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, 1919.

Patented. Jan. III, 192% IASJI 13o 1s SHEETS-SHEET 4.

J. H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS.

APPLICATION FILED IEB. 25, 1919.

J. H. GEFFHUY AND P. FLEURY.

MACHINE FOR CUTTlNG SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS.

APPucATloN HLED'FEB.25,1919.

1. H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SPlR/ L BEVEL vGEAHS. APPLICATION FILED 53.25, 1919.

IIAGSJQIIS. ,Patented Jan. 10,1922.

16 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

J. H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR CUTTING sPlRAL BEVEL GEAHS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, 1919.

Patented Jan. NP, X922.,

Lwimam y f m a .U m I@ im@ .mm Hf vow i w QS @QH www @l 1 En.; QT m KN h 1. H. GEFFROY'AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SPIRAL BEVEL QEAHS.

' APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, 1919.

Patented im 10,1922.

1e SHEETS-SHEET a.

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J. .GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY.

MACHINE FOR CUTNNG SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2'5, |919.

Patented. Jan. III, 1922.,

I6 SHEETS-SHEET l0.

I IIIIITII IIIIII IIII I I J.I H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING sPlRAL BEVEL GEAHS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25,1919.A

Patented. Jan. M), 1922., y

JLAUS 13;

I6 SHEETS-SHEET Il.

J. H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR cUTTlNG sPlRAL BEVEL SEARS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, i919.

IG'SHEETS-SHEET l2.

LAUSJ. 13;,

/l/ .v/ .//////%////////////7///////WW/////// A l. H. GEFFROY A'ND P. FLEURY. H MACHINE FOR CUTTING SPIRAL BEVEL SEARS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, 1919.

Patented Jan. M1922..

16 SHEETS-SHEET I3.

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J. H. GEFfROY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS. APPLICATION FILED Fa. 25. 1919.

l ALS l l 3 -Patented Jan. 1U, 1922,

Is SHEETS-SHEET I4.

1 H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE Fon CUTTING SPIRYAL BEVEL GEAHS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25,1919.

ASJL 13.,

Piz/1, RF1/EY y irme/vir 1. H. GEFFROY AND P. FLEURY. MACHINE FOR CUTTING SPI-RAL BEVEL GEARS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25. 1919.

Patented Jan. 10, i922.

I6 SHEETS-SHEET I6.

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/ffr Tae/VE v Bek" turns nnnvn enrrnor AND. PAUL FLEURY, or ris, FRANCE Application filed February 25, 1919.

To aZ/- whom t may concern.'

Be it knon'n that We, i Unna lliiiivi Gin*- iiioi' and PAUL FLEURY; residing at Paris; France; have invented neuv and useful linprovemeiits in a Machine for Cutting Spiral lBevel Gears; ot Which the 'following is a specification.

The invention has tor its object the provision of a machine for cutting conical lielical gear teeth by means et a special cut-ter. llo this eiiect the pinion to be cut receives a predetermined movement; and the cutter is given -a continuous rotary movement and, in addition, is moved so that the teeth ieceive a helical foi-m. rlhe cut-ter has a pliirality ot cutting tools whereby their sharpening is facilitated and their adjustment rendered convenient. rl`he cutting tools are oi simple construction and may be conveniently replaced. The cutter has a large diameter whereby a large number of cutting tools ma): be employed. 3y reason -o the continuous advance ot the cutter during operation; a quick cutting is effected. rlhe machine is based on the utilization of a principle ivhereby it is possible to cut spur teeth and helical teeth. The machine forms the teeth with curved bottoms. rllhe radiusI which measures the concavity is very small; by reason oi" the large diameter oi the cutter.

rlhe machine is furthermore characterised in this; that the saine parts can cut teeth et diiierent coefficients Without any preliminary .vork oi' costly adjustment. The adjustments in known machines are complicated and require considerable time which is not Warraiiteil toi' the manufacture of single gears. ln the present machine; however, the adjustment may be eli'ected in a simple and quick manner. The short duration Within which adjustment may he efiectcil makes this machine available for the production et a small number o ear Wheels. ln knoivii machines, however; they can only he employedL toi' vvoi'k in large series.

Bin embodiment ot the invention is indicated in the annexed drawings:

F 1 is a diagrammatic view explaining the principle on which the present machine is `predicated;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation ot the machine;

Fig. 3 is a Jiront elevation et the machine;

Fig. 4 is a rear elevation;

Fig. 5 is a top plan view o1 the machine;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented aan. io, ieee.

Serial No. 279,156.

Fig 6. is a section elevation of the turret on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5;

141g. .6'LE is a iragnientarysection through the cross slide i5 and the slide 16; Fig. 6b is a plan View ofl the parts shown iii Fig. 6a;

Fig. 7 is a detailed section of the cutter;

iigz is a longitudinal section along the axis oi the machine;

.l ig 9 is a section on the line 9-9 of 141g. 5;

l* ig. 1Q isa transverse section on the line 10-10 ot Fig. 5;

.F ig. 11 is a sect-ioii on the line 11-11'of Fig. 5;

llig. 12 iswa transverse section on the line 12*12 of ig. 5;

l* ig. is a side view showing the arrangeiiient o't the idler 101;

i* ig. 14 is .an elevational vieW on the line 14-14 of Fig. 5;

.ll ig. 15 is a section on the line 15 15 of Fig. 4;

ll ig. 1 6 is a transverse section through the supporting rollers 152 for arack; v1 F ig. 1r is a section on the line 17-17 of Pig. 3;

l* ig. 1S is a transverse section of the Work support g Fig. 19 is a side view of the indexing means;

Fig. 21 is a section along the line 21-21 ot' Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 discloses a detail for obtaining ad]ustment about one-half of the circular pitch;

Fig. 23 is a section through parts shoivii in Fig. 22;

Fig. 24 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 22;

Fig. 25 discloses the means for adjusting the cutting tools; i

Fig. 26 is a diagram showing the various positions occupied by the cutter during ad- Justment;

Fig. 27 discloses the arrangement of the Work on the carrying spindle;

Fig. 28 discloses a sleeve employed in connection With the Work support;

Figs. 29, 30; 31; 32; 32a and 38 show diagrammatic views. f

In order to make the machine better understood, the principle on which it is based will be first explained with reference to Fig. 1.

et a be the apex of the pitch conel of a bevel pinion, b the pitch circleof the said cone, c the pitch circle of a horizontal flat Wheel intended to mesh with the pinion, and C the respective axes of rotation of the pinion and of the wheel, and d their common generatrix.

Further, let E be the surface of the tooth of the horizontal wheel shown by the circle c, which passes through the point f where the circles b and c touch, and the line g its intersection with the plane of the circle c. rIhe corresponding surface e ofthe pinion tooth will be the evolute of the surface E when lthe pinion is rolling on the wheel; if, therefore, the wheel and the pinion rotate so that their relative movement is a rolling one, each position of the surface IC will be tangent to the surface e.

In order to simplify, let the surface E be a plane: the line g becomes a straight line, and the intersection of this plane with a plane perpendicular to the contact generatriX d at thepoint f, is the outline H of a tooth z' of the fiat wheel. The evolute of E is then a surface e which has for directrix on the pitch cone the evolute of g, that is to say, a conical helical linec. v

In order to effect the cutting of a helical tooth, a milling cutter is used with tools secured to it, so arranged that its axis perpendicular to the plane E, and so that the finishing edge of each tool passes through the said plane. In these conditions, all these edges describe the surface E during rotation of the Vmilling cutter.

This milling cutter is adjusted so that its plane of ,cutting passes through the line g. The distance am from the centre of the flat wheel to the line g must, therefore, be equal to af sine a; the said angle o: being that comprised between the lines af' and g. lBy taking the angle 04:30 degrees, we have am=air. In practice, the distance of the 2 milling cutter from the axis C is given by tables and finally, the tools are mounted so that they move parallel to themselves, which enables them to be brought to the desired level.

It will then only be necessary to turn the slide carrying the milling cutter, about the axis C', in order to cause it to follow the ideal movement of the wheel c, and to give the pinion to be out a conjugated movement of rotation, in order that the milling cutter can cut the surface e of the tooth of the said pinion in a continuous manner.

When thel milling cutter has completed its travel on the pinion, a quick return brings all the mechanism back to its initial position.

A. dividing lmechanism operated either by hand or automatically, turns the pinion to the extent of one pitch, and the millingcutter ting of thetools is then symmetrical with the preceding one. 'Ihis new plane is adjusted as before, thev slide isthereupon rotated about the axis C to an angle with the centre corresponding to the circumferential half pitch to' be obtained, the pinion remaining stationary. In this new position, the milling cutter is ready for cutting the second surface of each helical tooth of the pinion.

By arranging the milling cutter so that its plane of cutting passes through the'point a, this is to say along the line af, a bevel pinion is cut with straight teeth, and it will be readily understood that, between the said limit and that of the line g, it would be possible to vary the position of the milling cutter to suit the pitch of the helical line which it desired to obtain for cutting the teeth.

Finally, with the same tool can also be cut spiral or helical cylindrical pinions. rThe plane E then represents that of a face of a straight or oblique tooth of the toothed rack engaging with the pinion to be cut.

is a milling cutter of large diameter is used, a large number of tools may be arranged on it, and owing to the continuous advance of the said cutter during the work, a large production is obtained.

The tools being detachable and sliding, their height above the plane of the circle c can be varied, which makes it possible to cut gear wheels of different kinds with the same tools. Finally, the tool is easily manufactured and can be easily replaced.

Referring to the several figures of the drawings, the machine comprises two groups of mechanisms which are separated but coact, to-wit: the milling cutter supporting group or turret, and the work supporting group. These two groups are mounted on a platform 10. The turret comprises a circular plate 11 ig. 6) arranged on a platform or base 10, a rotary bottom carriage 12 centered on a toothed ring 13, which without play, can rotate on the circular plate il. The carriage 12 may be adjusted about a small angle, with. respect to the toothed ring 13. To this end, the ring 13 has a smooth portion 131 (Figs. 22, 23, 24) to receive bearings 132, in which is journaled a shaft 133, provided with a worm and terminating in a squared portion. The worm meshes with a. toothed sector 134 disposed in a groove of the carriage 12. The slots 1235 Vprovided in the lower part oi the cari permit rotation thereof ailter the screws 14; have been loosened. The extent oi the displacement may be determined by means o1 a -Vernier scale graduated to oneii'l'tieth and provided on the carriage 12 and by a Graduation in millimeters oli the annui g 'cove ot the toothed ring 18.y

@n the arriage 12 (Fig. a erosr is movably arranged. fr screi.v to the carriage 12 is provided with a nut 187 fixed to the cross slide By a similar ari :gement such the spindle 51 on the slide .-.5. the transverse displacement oif an upper slide 16 is obtained. yl`he relative displacements ot these two slides may be determined by means ot Vernier scales. and graduations provided where convenient. T he slide 15 has two grooves 165 into which extend bolts 166. whereby the slide is secured to the carriage 12. lie saine slide 15 has also two grooves 167 (lC ig. 6a) into which enter bolts 168., whereby the slide is secured to the slide 16. The latter (Fig. 6) has a circular groove 138, into which extend bolts in order to maintain the carriage 16 in engagement with the circular base 17 on which the cutting tool 18 is arranged. rhe base 17 occupies during operation and relativ to the cross slide 15 one or the other oi two diametrically opposite positions which are obtained by rotating about 96 degrees to the right or lett ot the position indicated in Fig. 6. rfliese tivo positions are marked on the carriers 16 and 17. Drive is imparted to the cutting tool 18 in the following manner:

The main horizontal drive sha-it 2O (Fig. 5) is rotated by a pulley 19 and is equipped at its other end with a bevel gear 21 which meshes with a similar-gear 22, keyed on a shaft 23, carrying at its other end a pinion 24C (Fig. 6) in mesh with a gear 25. The latter is keyed on a vertical shaft 26 disposed in the center of the turret. This shaft 26 is equipped at its upper portion with a bevel pinion 27 meshing with a similar gear 28, keyed on a shaft 29, disposed vwithin the carriage 12. At one ot its extremities the shaft 29 has a spur gear 8() in mesh with a toothed wheel 31, keyed on a horizontal shatt- 32 parallel to the shaft 29. rlhis shaft 82 is provided with a long key seat 1&0. in order to be shittable. with respect to the key ot a bevel gear 33 in mesh with a pinion 2li to which is lixed a spur gear rlhe bevel gear 33 bears against a support 141 fixed on the slide 15. and the pinion 34C equipped with a spur gear 85 is iournaled in a bearing 142, also fixed to the slide 15. rlllie spur gear meshes with the pinion 86 keyed on a shaft 37 provided with a long key seat 1413 and arranged in the interior of the cross slide 15. A bevel gear 38 guided by the support 144: fixed to the carriage 16 is in constant shaft 5d, it is fixed on the sector mesh with another bevel gear 39 formed integral with a vertical shatt- 40, disposed in the center ot the circular housing formed by the carriages 16 and 17. r)he upper part of the shaft 40 has keyed thereto a bevel gear 411 meshing with a similar bevel gear 42 keyed on a horizontal sha-'it e?, arranged interiorly oi the base 17. rlhe shaft 8 is provided also with a pur gear meshing with a gear L15 (Fig. 6) keyed on the shatt 46, provided with a worm. The worm meshes with a screw wheel keyed on a spindle 118, carrying at one ot its extremities a cutting tool 18.

T he spindle t-8 is inclined 2O degrees with respect to the horizontal plane, and carries the holder plate 18 which is equipped with tools 49 and 145 (Fig. 7). rlhe largest possible number of tools is provided and the tools 119 cut the flank on one side o'r' the teeth, whereas the tools 145 in alternate arrangement with respect to the tools L1S) cut the opposite flank. They are, therefore, inclined in the two directions. with respect to the radius so that they can be set alter having been advanced outwardly in their sockets and secured in such adjusted position by the screws 1&7. The cutting edges of the finishing blades L19 are in a plane parallel to the holder plate 18.

rilhe work support comprises a traine 52 on which is secured a sector 53. through which extends a thick shaft 541 (Fig. 8). The latter terminates at one side ot a tlange 55, on `which the base 56 ot' the work cai'- riage is secured by being keyed thereto and screwed thereon. The base 56 is adjusted on the circular part of the sector such that it can assume every position in the vertical plane. After the base has been placed in a predetermined position by rotation with the by bolts 1 1-8 which enter an annular groove 119. The different positions are determined by a graduation in degrees and 'fractions thereof engraved on the periphery of the sector 58 (Fig. 3). A Vernier scale arranged at a suitable place permits accurate determination ot the position.

At the other end oi the shaft 5st the huh oi a guide 59 is secured by several wedges and holding pins, said guide being termed the inclination tooth rack guide.7 A brace .60 (Fig. terminates at its ends in runners in the torni ot quadrants and is securely bolted to the base 56 and to the guide rllhis brace constitutes one side of an indetormable quadrilateral, having as pivotal axis and at the same time as one side the shaft 541, the 'other three sides being the guide 59a the brace 60, and the base 1n order to obtain movements of the whole quadrilateral, the square end 61 (Fig. 3) is turned by a wrench, which end forms the shown suitably secured to the half ring 64 balances the system which we shall term vinclinable quadrilateral. In the base 56, a carriage 57 may slide without play and is secured by bolts 150 (Fig. 18)L after it has been placed in the desired position.

The brace 60 (Figs. 5, 9, 10,17) has box-like extension 60a projecting at right angles therefrom. The outer ends of these boxes are closed by bearing brackets 157 through which passes a shaft 67. This shaft has at one end a square shank 68 enabling it to be rotated by means of a wrench. Two bevel gears 69 and 70 keyed to the extremities of the shaft engage respectively similar gears 71 and 72, which are respectively keyed to the ends of two spindles 73 and 74, having opposite threads and engaging slide blocks 75 and 76 of which the one, 75, is integral with a casing 77, secured to the work holder slide 57 and the other, 76, receives a sleeve 78 secured to a slide block 79 which can slide in the extension of the guide 59. The two slide blocks 75 and 76 support the horizontal shaft 80 parallel to the brace 60 and controlling the rotation of the work supporting spindle 81. On the drive shaft 20 (Figs. 2, 11, 12 and 13) a toothed wheel 84 is mounted in mesh with a gear 85 keyed on a sha-ft 86 parallel to the shaft 20. The latter carries also a gear 87 adapted to transmit motion to a gear 88 by an interposed idler l89. rlhe shaft 86 is journaled in bearings 90, provided on the platform 10 and the two gears 84 and 87 may loosely turn on the shaft 20, but each of said gears is provided with coupling jaws 91 and 92, respectively, with which alternately a sleeve 93 splined on shaft 20 may enter into engagement. This sleeve is shifted longitudinally by means of an ordinary shift lever 90. When the sleeve 93 engages the jaws 92 the shaft 86 rotates in the same direction as the shaft 20; whereas, it turns in the opposite direction when the sleeve 93 enters into engagement with the jaws 91. At one of its ends the shaft 86 is provided with a bevel gear 94 in mesh with a bevel gear 95 whose shaft 165` carries a spur gear 96 in mesh with a. similar gear 97 ofthe shaft 166, on which a clutch sleeve 98 is splined. The latter is shifted longitudinally by means of a suitable lever for the purpose of assuring a quick return, and after each return for a new working stroke of the cutter. it brings y about the quick return when it is in engagement with the jaws 99 of a spur gear 100, meshing with a pinion 101, which latter meshes with a pinion 102 keyed on a'shaft 103. This shaft is keyed to a toothed wheel 104 in mesh with a gear 105 provided with clutch jaws 106 with which may be placed in engagement the adjacent jaws of the sleeve 98 for the operating speedy The driven gears 102 and 104 are keyedto the spindle 103 of a worm 107 which they rotate in order to determine the rotation of a drum 108 (Fig. 8) provided for that purpose near one of its extremities with teeth 109 in engagement with said worm. At its other extremity the drum has spur teeth 110. The drum 108 is mounted on a cylindrical extension of the hub ofvsector 53 (Fig. 8) and has no contact with the shaft 54 of the movable quadrilateral; but by its spur teeth 110 which mesh with a rack 111 secured to the slide 112 it drives said slide which travels in the adjustable guide59.

The adjustment of the rack 111 brings about the rotation of a toothed wheel 113 keyed on the shaft 80. rllhe latter carries at its other extremity aI bevel gear 82 (Fig. 17) in mesh with another bevel gear 83 keyed on the extension of a rotary frame 129. This frame incloses a worm 127 (F ig.

20) in mesh with a worm wheel 128 keyed on a carrying spindle 81. The carriage 112 (Figs. 14, 15, 16) with the rack 111 has a pin 114 adjusted with precision and engaging a slide block 115 which travels with pre-- cision on the horizontal part of a frame 116 in the form of a T. It follows therefrom that when the slide block 112 is not horizontal (and it never is) the pin 114 of the block 115 shifted by the slide block 112, imparts to the T frame 116 a movement from below to above and vice versa, according to the direction of movement, becausethis v'1" frame can only rise or descend, in view of the fact that it is arranged to slide on a vertical guide 117 secured on the frame 52. The T frame 116 is equipped with a rack 167 which meshes with a toothed wheel 118 keyed on the same shaft 168 as the bevel. gear 119 in mesh with a similar gearI 120 keyed on a. vertical shaft 121, at the lower end of which a toothed wheel 122 is keyed, imparting movement to the toothed ring 13 (Fig. 5) by means of a double horizontal rack 123 provided with teeth on its two sides. This rack rolls on four rollers 151 (Fig. 16) carried by two guides 152. To index, the worm 127 is operated (Figs. 19, 20 and 21) by means of a swinging' frame 126 mounted on a trunnion 125 of the frame 129, and carrying a train of gears.

The worm 127 is locked by a spring-con- 

